Import spending is subtracted from the sum of consumption, investment, government purchases and export spending in the calculation of GDP because import represents spending on goods and services that are not produced in that economy.
Gross domestic product is the total sum of goods and services produced in a particular economy in a given period. One of the ways that can be used to determine the value of GDP is the expenditure approach.
The expenditure approach to determine GDP = Consumption + investment + government purchases + ( export - import).
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