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The Cold War was a period of geopolitical conflict that began after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc.

The Cold War was characterised by three essential features: 1) the danger of nuclear war, 2) struggle for newly independent states' allegiance (loyalty), and 3) military and economic backing for each other's opponents across the world.

The Cold War ended when the final Soviet occupation war in Afghanistan ended, the Berlin Wall fell in Germany, a series of generally peaceful uprisings swept the Soviet Bloc republics of eastern Europe in 1989, and the Soviet Union imploded and legally dissolved itself in 1991.

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Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. The term was first used by the English writer George Orwell in an article published in 1945 to refer to what he predicted would be a nuclear stalemate between “two or three monstrous super-states, each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds.” It was first used in the United States by the American financier and presidential adviser Bernard Baruch in a speech at the State House in Columbia and South Carolina, in 1947.

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