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Well !!! This question seems very interesting
Whenever we discussed about important topics in physics we generally referred galelio galilei, Issac newton and Albert Einstein.
Galelio, Newton and Einstein deserve these special recognition because they are responsible for taking physics/science towards modern era/technology .
If these three physicist/scientist were not in the world then I don't think so we will able to achieve modern technology this much earlier.
Let's discuss the theories given by Galelio galilei, Issac Newton and Albert Einstein
Galelio galilei
- Galelio galilei is very popular Italian physicist. He had given many theories based on astronomy, natural phenomenons around us.
- When I just started studying physics, the first concept I learned was " The Law of inertia " . which was given by galelio galilei. To explain this law , He proposed a experiment " He dropped the ball on the two inclined plane opposite to each other " .Then, he noticed that , If no external force is applied to a body then it will tends to be in motion. This statement was again restate by newton as its first law's of motion .
- He also famoused for publishing/proposing the heliocentric theory which was earlier proposed by copernicus. Due to some drawbacks, Galelio proposed it again.
Issac Newton :-
- Issac Newton was a English physicist and earlier he was also considered the God of physics because of his amazing theories. He is the one who is responsible for philosophical revoution .
- According to me, the real physics is started with the theories given by Issac Newton .He is not just responsible for proposing theories but he is the one who makes us to understand things practically. For example, The three laws of newton - Law of inertia, Law of momentum and law of action - reaction. This laws explain that how the free falling happened. how objects moves etc.
- Other than three laws of motion, he also proposed theories on the nature of white light , calculus etc.
Albert Einstein
- Albert Einstein is most famous scientists in the world not because of his theories but also because of having highest IQ in the world.
- Albert Einstein was the German physicist .He proposed many theories. One of the most famous theory is the " Theory of relativity "
- Well !! The advanced physics is started with the theories proposed by Albert Einstein.
- His most famous theory is the " Theory of relativity " E = mc² . It states that Energy is directly proportional to the product of mass and square of speed of light. This theory explains the motion of objects in space.
- Einstein is the one of those scientists who takes the science towards modern era .He is also considered the third founder of quantum physics
Other than these I would like to recommend two more physicist
Max planks and Neil's Bohr
- Max planks and Neil's Bohr both are known as the father of quantum physics.
- Neil's Bohr had proposed the theory on the atomic structure of hydrogen and movement of electrons in an atom. which was the first step towards Quatum physics.
- Max planks was the one who proposed the Planks quantum theory . It states that " All electromagnetic radiation are forms of energy and he said that radiant energy is not absorbed but discontinously produced in the form of small packets of energy called quanta " . That is, E = hv
- h is the planks constant having value 6,626 × 10^-34 .
