The population in the study are the people that are 71 years of age and older in the United States.
Population simply means the representative sample of a larger group. Here, the population in the study are the people that are 71 years of age and older.
Also, 0.097 is a statistic because it describes the proportion of the people that suffer from the disease for the sample of 856.
The technical conditions are that the sample should be collected from a normal distribution. In this case, since the sample size is large, then the sampling distribution of the sample means is normal.
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