The political debates in America are usually about foreign and domestic policy and the immediate issues facing American society.
This refers to the public discourse between political candidates to showcase their portfolio to the general public so that they can make an informed choice on their preferred candidate.
Political debates are important because they put candidates side-by-side and this gives a better view to the electorates of their individual policies usually, security and healthcare are top topics.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to get a better understanding of the concept.
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