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Determine the molecular formula for each of the following compounds from the
experimental data:
80.0% carbon, 20% hydrogen, and a molecular mass of 30.0 amu
92.3% carbon, 7.7% hydrogen, and a molecular mass of 26 amu
37.5% carbon, 6.3% hydrogen, 55.8% chlorine, and a molecular mass of 127.0
amu

Respuesta :

Eduard22sly

The molecular formula for each of the following compound given the data is

  • C₂H₆
  • C₂H₂
  • C₄H₈Cl₂

A. How to determine the molecular formula

We'll begin by calculating the empirical formula. This can be obtained as follow:

  • C = 80%
  • H = 20%
  • Empirical formula =?

Divide by their molar mass

C = 80 / 12 = 6.67

H = 20 / 1 = 20

Divide by the smallest

C = 6.67 / 6.67 = 1

H = 20 / 6.67 = 3

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound CH₃

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound can be obtained as follow

  • Empirical formula = CH₃
  • Molar mass of compound = 30 g/mol
  • Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = empirical × n = mass number

[CH₃]n = 30

[12 + (3×1)]n = 30

15n = 30

Divide both side by 15

n = 30 / 15

n = 2

Molecular formula = [CH₃]n

Molecular formula = [CH₃]₂

Molecular formula = C₂H₆

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is C₂H₆

B. How to determine the molecular formula

We'll begin by calculating the empirical formula. This can be obtained as follow:

  • C = 92.3%
  • H = 7.7%
  • Empirical formula =?

Divide by their molar mass

C = 92.3 / 12 = 7.7

H = 7.7 / 1 = 7.7

Divide by the smallest

C = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1

H = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound CH

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound can be obtained as follow

  • Empirical formula = CH
  • Molar mass of compound = 26 g/mol
  • Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = empirical × n = mass number

[CH]n = 26

[12 + 1]n = 26

13n = 26

Divide both side by 13

n = 26 / 13

n = 2

Molecular formula = [CH]n

Molecular formula = [CH]₂

Molecular formula = C₂H₂

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is C₂H₂

C. How to determine the molecular formula

We'll begin by calculating the empirical formula. This can be obtained as follow:

  • C = 37.5%
  • H = 6.3%
  • Cl = 55.8%
  • Empirical formula =?

Divide by their molar mass

C = 37.5 / 12 = 3.125

H = 6.3 / 1 = 6.3

Cl = 55.8 / 35.5 = 1.572

Divide by the smallest

C = 3.125 / 1.572 = 2

H = 6.3 / 1.572 = 4

Cl = 1.572 / 1.572 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound C₂H₄Cl

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound can be obtained as follow

  • Empirical formula = C₂H₄Cl
  • Molar mass of compound = 127 g/mol
  • Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = empirical × n = mass number

[C₂H₄Cl]n = 127

[(2×12) + (4×1) + 35.5]n = 127

63.5n = 127

Divide both side by 63.5

n = 127 / 63.5

n = 2

Molecular formula = [C₂H₄Cl]n

Molecular formula = [C₂H₄Cl]₂

Molecular formula = C₄H₈Cl₂

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is C₄H₈Cl₂

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