The limiting reactant is determined by the supply and stoichiometric equation.
They are reactants that are limited in availability, and thus, determine how far reactions can go in terms of producing products.
In a reaction involving magnesium and hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas as follows:
[tex]Mg + 2HCl --- > MgCl_2 + H_2[/tex]
The number of moles of HCl is twice that of Mg. Thus, if both reactants are supplied in the required proportion, no reactant will be limiting.
However, if the number of moles of HCl supplied is not up to twice that of Mg, HCl will become limiting. Also, if the amount of Mg supplied is not equal to half of that of HCl supplied, Mg will be limiting.
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