They applaud him is the way crowd react to the astronomer, as the speaker of the poem reacts differently to the lecture than the rest of the crowd.
Astronomers do science on planets, stars, and other heavenly bodies. They employ both space-based technology, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, and ground-based technology, such as optical telescopes. Some astronomers investigate far-off galaxies and objects like neutron stars and black holes.
Thus, option B is correct.
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