11. Given only the structure of the four nucleobases and the linear structure of D-ribose, draw the following molecules: r(GUCA) and d(GTAC). Do not forget the 5'-phosphate. (Some version of this question will be all or part of question #1 on the first examination. Now you know.).

12. What is the monomer precursor for the synthesis of nucleic acids? Why is this reaction energetically favorable? Are new monomers added at the 5'-end of the chain or at the 3'-end of the chain?

13. What is Chargaff's rule?

14. If the genome of an organism contains 32% A bases, what is the % of C bases?

15. Explain why Franklin's x-ray images of DNA fibers suggested a double helical structure for DNA.

The speculation that RNA preceded DNA and proteins in evolution. In the earliest cells, pre-RNA molecules could have had mixed genetic, structural, and catalytic features and those features could have progressively been changed with the aid of using RNA.

The presence of the X form withinside the diffraction sample indicated to Franklin that DNA strands have been helical. Each sprint of the X form marks the repetition of atoms, or atomic repeats, in DNA
Chargaff rule: The rule that during DNA there may be constantly equality in amount among the bases A and T and among the bases G and C. (A is adenine, T is thymine, G is guanine, and C is cytosine.) Named for the tremendous Austrian-American biochemist Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) at Columbia University who found this rule.
The crucial physiological roles performed with the aid of using the nucleic acid precursor rNTP and dNTP molecules in people has come to be obvious because the Nineteen Seventies with the aid of using the popularity of 28 exceptional inborn mistakes of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.