Based on the nature of proton gradient, (A) is false, but (R) is true.
A proton gradient is a gradient that exists due to difference in proton concentration between the inner and outer mitochondrial matrix.
An assertion is a statement or claim stating a given position.
The assertion, A, is false because a proton gradient is established in the mitochondria due to the function of the proton pump which pumps out protons from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the outer membrane.
The reason, R is true as hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria by the proton pump.
Therefore, (A) is false, but (R) is true.
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