Afghanistan’s national government in the capital city of kabul has little influence in the country’s rural regions in large part due to the many ethnic factions living there.
In Afghanistan, a person's ethnicity serves as a quick and easy cultural marker and frequently establishes the social structure of a population. Pashtuns, Tajiks, and Hazaras are the three ethnic groups that are most prevalent. Uzbeks, Nuristanis, Aimaks, Turkmens, and Balochs are all present in substantial numbers (among others). In Afghanistan, the Pashtun are the majority ethnic group.
They are primarily Sunni Muslims and Pashto speakers. Historically, tribal honour rules and interpretations of Islamic law have shaped Pashtun culture and social organisation. This is referred to as "Pashtunwali" — a moral and legal code that establishes the social norms one should uphold in order to honour Islamic and cultural values. Only rural tribes generally adhere to Pashtunwali in its most rigid form. Many Pashtun behaviours, though, continue to reflect its impact.
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