It is an example of Fixed Action Patterns.
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a predetermined set of behaviors that happen in a predetermined order in response to a sign stimulus, which is an external stimulus. The behavior is "fixed" because it is essentially unchanging and behaves consistently among members of a species.
FAPs are inherent, which means that the animal is born with the capacity to engage in the behavior and does not require learning. FAPs are also typically finished after being triggered. The ability to instinctively identify and attack prey or, as in the case of sticklebacks, the ability to produce more young that can survive to adulthood are just two examples of how these behaviors may be crucial to improving an animal's fitness.
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