A Latin square is a technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders.
The arranging of v Latin letters into a vv array creates a block shape known as a Latin square (a table with v rows and v columns). Latin square designs are frequently employed in studies where individuals are assigned to treatments over a specified time period and time is believed to have a significant impact on the experimental outcome.
Through the use of an equal number of blocks and treatments, an additional element may be separated using this form of design. Latin square patterns can be used when there are more than three blocks and treatments. It should be noted that Latin square designs correspond to particular fractional factorial designs (for instance, the 44 Latin square design corresponds to a 431 fractional factorial design).
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