The protestant reformation was started by Martin Luther.
Luther's statements called into doubt the Catholic Church's role as a mediator between people and God when it came to the indulgence system, which allowed individuals to purchase a certificate of pardon for the punishment of some of their crimes.
Luther argued that salvation is a gift that God bestows on those who have faith, and he opposed the notion that one might buy or earn it.
Luther's criticisms of the indulgence system opened the door for other challenges to Catholic doctrine throughout Europe.
For instance, the Anabaptists rejected the idea that children should be baptized in favor of the view that baptism was only proper for adults, while John Calvin in France and Huldrych Zwingli in Switzerland both proposed unique conceptions about the administration of Holy Communion.
Hence, option B is correct.
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