Separation of homologous chromosomes in anaphase 1 is responsible for the principle of segregation.
- Mendel put out the law of segregation after noticing that true-breeding pea plants with opposing features produced F1 generations that all displayed the dominant trait and F2 generations that expressed the dominant and recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio.
- According to the law of segregation, each diploid individual has two alleles (copies) for a specific attribute.
- During meiosis, the two different alleles for a single gene segregate as the chromosomes divide into several gametes, resulting in each gamete acquiring one of the two alleles.
- The fundamental tenet of the rule is that copies of genes separate or segregate, resulting in just one allele being passed on to each gamete.
- Hence in anaphase 1 when the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart the alleles also segregate.
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