The antecedent of the pronoun that is in bold is, al.
Because the word 'al' is the noun that is identified as the antecedent of the pronoun and the pronoun will be 'he'. An antecedent is a noun that is referred to as the substitute for a pronoun. So in the given sentence, without his parents’ permission, Al could not go on the field trip. The identified antecedent is al.
The term antecedent is something that goes before a pronoun, as the word 'ante' itself means to come before something. The use of an antecedent helps make the sentence more clear. Thus, the antecedent of the pronoun that is in bold is, al.
Hence the correct option is, c. al.
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