People who are allergic to bee stings are actually having a response to the antibodies produced by their immune system when they are stung. This is called anaphylaxis. Most people who end up having a bee sting allergy did not have anaphylaxis the first time they were stung. It is only upon the second sting, or subsequent stings that they have an allergic response. Explain this phenomenon. a. After encountering the allergen, B cells create B-cell receptors on their surface that can bind to it more quicklly upon subsequent exposures to the allergen b. More antibodies (IgE binding to mast cells and resulting in their degranulation) on second exposure results in more infiammation causing anaphylaxis c. Less antibodies (IgE binding to mast cells and resulting in their degranulation) on second exposure results in less inflammation causing anaphylaxis d. The innate immune system uses its memory cells to produce more inflammation after the second bee sting resulting in anaphylaxis

For the majority of people, a bee sting only causes momentary pain and discomfort, but for those who are allergic to the venom, the results can be disastrous: they go into anaphylactic shock, which includes a drop in blood pressure, itchy hives, and breathing difficulties, and may even result in death if not treated right away. Subjects who are first exposed to a foreign substance, such as a disease or a poisonous chemical like venom, experience innate immune reactions.

Such innate immune responses don't need to be developed into antibodies or be immunized beforehand. As opposed to this, during an adaptive immune response, the immune system produces antibodies that identify the pathogen or toxin that is causing the infection; this process enables the development of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. In most cases, adaptive immunity is a quicker, more focused, and more potent kind of defense than innate immunity.

So, the correct answer is option D.

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tripatsingh039 tripatsingh039 · Answer 2 · 2022-08-08T10:13:53+02:00

The correct option is (d) The innate immune system uses its memory cells to produce more inflammation after the second bee sting resulting in anaphylaxis.

Most people only experience brief pain and discomfort after being stung by a bee, but for those who are allergic to the venom, the consequences can be disastrous: they experience anaphylactic shock, which includes a drop in blood pressure, itchy hives, and breathing difficulties, and may even result in death if not treated right away.

Innate immune reactions happen when a subject is initially exposed to a foreign substance, such as a disease or a toxic chemical like venom.Such innate immune responses don't need to be primed or evolved into antibodies.

In contrast, during an adaptive immune response, the immune system creates antibodies that recognize the virus or toxin causing the infection; this process makes it possible to create vaccinations to fend off infectious diseases. Typically, adaptive immunity outperforms innate immunity in terms of speed, effectiveness, and focus.

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