One of the first comparative research projects in criminology was the development of the comparative crime data file.
When numerous movements infused with humanitarianism questioned the brutality, arbitrariness, and inefficiency of the criminal justice and prison systems in the late 18th century, criminology began to take shape.
Comparative criminology, using the comparative technique in criminology to investigate crime and criminal control across cultures or countries.
Understanding the similarities and contrasts in how communities react to crime and exploring the customs, procedures, histories, and geographical contexts that affect crime and its management are the driving forces behind the development of criminology.
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