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2. Bone
A 68-year-old Asian female presents with mildly achy muscles and joints. The aches seem to “come and go” quite often lasting for several days at a time. Upon examination you take note of a hunch-backed appearance on the patient. An x-ray is performed and showed a significant decrease in bone tissue mass. After further diagnostic testing is performed the patient is diagnosed with Osteoporosis. TAKE NOTE: Osteoblast cells build bone matrix while osteocytes maintain the matrix. Osteoclast cells break down bone matrix and reabsorb the nutrients.
Using your knowledge of the human physiology, which of the following do you predict is a potential cause of the Osteoporosis?
A. Decreased osteoblast activity B. All choices are potential causes
C. Increased osteoclast activity D. Secondary to external factors like drugs/cancers

Respuesta :

Osteoporosis causes bone density to decrease due to decreased osteoblast activity, increased osteoclast activity, and external factors like long-term medication. Option B. All choices are potential causes.

What are the factors that promote osteoporosis?

Let us first review what the bone cells are and their functions,

Osteoprogenitores → in charge of osteocytes production

Osteocytes → maintain the matrix

Osteoblasts → Synthesize and secrete osteoid matrix that will later calcify

Osteoclasts → Phagocytic cells in charge of osseous resorption and bone modulation.

Osteoporosis is a no-symptoms disease -silent- that causes a decrease in the bone mineral and mass density and might change the bone structure.

Osteoporosis weakens the bone until it breaks. So this affection becomes evident when a fracture occurs.

Several factors lead to osteoporosis development. Among them, we can mention,

  • genetic factors,
  • habits factors (lifestyle),
  • hormonal alterations,
  • drugs/medication

The increased rate of bone resorption is the major mechanism by which osteoporosis occurs. It deteriorates bone structure and decreases bone density.

Bone resorption and deterioration might be caused by

  • a decrease in osteoblast activity, leading to the decrease in osteoid matrix formation and calcification,

  • an increase in osteoclast activity, enhancing the activity of these phagocytic cells.

Other external factors also increase the probability of developing osteoporosis. Some of them are,

  • long-term medications (for instance, those used in cancer treatment)
  • excessive alcohol consumption and smoking
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • poor diet

According to this framework, the potential causes of the Osteoporosis are Decreased osteoblast activity, Increased osteoclast activity, Secondary to external factors like drugs/cancers.

Hence, option B is correct, All choices are potential causes.

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