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Stone tools is the earliest known archaeological evidence of our ancestral origins in east africa
The history of archaeology as a study of the ancient past has its beginnings at least as early as the Mediterranean Bronze Age, with the first archaeological investigations of ruins.
- Archaeology as a scientific study is about 150 years old.
- The earliest evidence of interest in the past is the 18th dynasty Egyptian explorations reconstructing the Sphinx, ca 1550–1070 BCE.
- The first modern archaeologist is arguably John Aubrey, who investigated Stonehenge and other stone circles in the 17th century CE.
Africa is the birthplace of humankind and a continent of tremendous social and cultural diversity. As such, knowledge of Africa’s past is central to understanding our species’ deep history; the diverse pathways of our social, technological, and political economic development; and the mutually entangled character of our continentally siloed histories. For all but the last few centuries of its diverse and dynamic 2.5 million–year history, insight into Africa’s rich and diverse pasts rests on material evidence generated through archaeological investigations. Yet systematic archaeological study of Africa’s pasts is relatively recent and characterized by significant temporal and geographical disparities; some time periods and areas have seen considerably more intensive research than others. Notable too are the effects of preconceptions about Africa and its peoples on the questions posed and answers sought by archaeologists.
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