A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground which is issued when conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form, but a tornado is not necessarily occurring at the time.
The main atmospheric components that contribute to the potential for tornadoes are instability (warm, moist air near the surface and cooler, drier air above) and wind shear (changes in wind speed and/or direction with altitude).
Most tornadoes originate in the Great Plains of the central United States, an ideal environment for the formation of severe thunderstorms. In this area, known as Tornado Alley, storms form when dry, cool air flowing south from Canada meets warm, moist air flowing north from the Gulf of Mexico.
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