The electrons in a water molecule are shared unequally, which results in the formation of partial charges on the oxygen and the hydrogen.
- Oxygen attracts electrons a little more strongly than hydrogen. So indeed though the electrons from each atom are attracted by both the oxygen and the hydrogen, the electrons are a bit more attracted to the oxygen. This means that electrons spend a bit further time at the oxygen end of the molecule.
- The oxygen end of the molecule becomes slightly negative as a result. Since the electrons aren't near the hydrogen end as much, that end is slightly positive. When a covalently clicked molecule has more electrons in one area than another, it's called a polar molecule
To learn more about partial charge.
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