The item which can be used to detect and measure radioactive emissions is the Geiger counter
Radioactive emission occurs when a radioactive substance which is an unstable nucleus undergoes a spontaneous decay or changes into a more stable structure, but this will only happen in a handful of specific ways by ejecting particular particles or kinds of electromagnetic radiation.
The majority of particles emitted during a radioactive emission are Alpha emissions which are ejected during an alpha decay, Beta radiations which are ejected in a beta decay and Gamma radiation which is emitted when the unstable nucleus undergoes gamma decay.
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