In a direct ELISA test, the method is determining if an antigen from a particular pathogen is present in the patient's sample by attempting to bind a labeled antibody to it.
ELISA i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is an enzymatic reaction for determining immune response. It can be deployed qualitatively to test the existence of an antibody or an antigen. It can either be direct or indirect.
The direct ELISA test is utilized in detecting for the existence of particular antibodies in a patient's serum. Antibodies not just shield an individual from infections, but they are also used in laboratories to ascertain whether a patient has a disease or not.
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