The currently accepted theory among biologists on the evolution of the vertebrates is based on Garstang hypothesis.
Animals that have a vertebral column and/or notochord at any stage in their existence are referred to as vertebrates. The existence or absence of vertebrates is one of the categories used to categorize life. It has been hypothesized that a common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates lived about 600 million years ago.
According to Garstang's hypothesis, which also refers to his theories on gastropod torsion as detailed in The Ballad of the Veliger, it is not only possible for a single species to evolve but also for individual species' life stages to diverge into distinct organisms.
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