When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second
The covalent bond between a sugar and a phosphate is what holds nucleotides together on each strand of DNA and on the single strand of RNA. The complementary bases on the two complementary strands of DNA are held together by covalent bonds, which are much more powerful than hydrogen bonds.
The phosphate group of one nucleotide and the third carbon atom of the pentose sugar in the following nucleotide form covalent bonds, which hold the individual nucleotides together. As a result, the polynucleotide chain has an alternating backbone of sugar, phosphate, and sugar.
The simplest polynucleotide is a single chain in which ribose is always used as the pentose sugar. This polynucleotide's name is derived from the three-letter abbreviation of the sugar ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA always contains the four nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
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