The second ionization energy (IE₂)of alkali metals is higher than that of alkaline earth metals because alkali metals gain a noble gas configuration after losing one electron.
The ionization energy measures an element's ability to participate in chemical processes that call for the creation of ions or the donation of electrons. It is often connected to the type of chemical bonds that exist between the components in the compounds they form. See also electron affinity and binding energy. Because it takes more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it does from a neutral atom, the second ionization energy is always higher than the first.
An atom with a high electron affinity would readily gain an electron and create an ion, whereas an atom with low ionization energy would readily lose an electron and generate an ion. Similar to this, removing an electron from an atom with high ionization energy requires considerable energy.
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