The source of the extra ATP molecules is (c) Cyclic electron flow.
ATP is the abbreviation for Adenosine Triphosphate. It is the energy currency of the cell in all the living organisms. It is essential to carry out all the processes inside an organism. The formation of ATP takes place by the cellular respiration.
Cyclic electron flow is the photophosphorylation process where photosystem I is involved. This process occurs when the concentration of ATP decreases in the cell and the amount of NADPH increases. It acts as an extra source of ATP, because the by-product of the cyclic photophosphorylation is ATP.
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