Peripheral edema is the last sign of heart failure.
Peripheral edema happens when small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues. The extra fluid build-up is what makes the tissue swell. It could be a sign of problems with the circulatory system, lymph nodes, kidneys, liver, or heart muscles. Also, certain medications, infections, and pregnancy can cause edema.
Heart failure is characterized by a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, causing sodium and water reabsorption and resulting in peripheral edema. The peripheral edema indicates severe cardiac decompensation. Tachypnea and tachycardia constitute an early attempt by the body to compensate for decreased cardiac output. Periorbital edema occurs most noticeably in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, not heart failure.
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