Ferrocene, synthesized in 1951, was the first organic iron compound with Fe-C bonds. An understanding of the structure of ferrocene gave rise to new ideas about chemical bonding and led to the preparation of many useful compounds. In the combustion analysis of ferrocene, which contains only Fe, C, and H, a 0.9437-g sample produced 2.233 g of CO₂ and 0.457 g of H₂O. What is the empirical formula of ferrocene?

In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. A simple example of this concept is that the empirical formula of sulfur monoxide, or SO, would simply be SO, as is the empirical formula of disulfur dioxide, S2O2. Thus, sulfur monoxide and disulfur dioxide, both compounds of sulfur and oxygen, have the same empirical formula. However, their molecular formulas, which express the number of atoms in each molecule of a chemical compound, are not the same.

For ferrocene, we see that the empirical formula is identical to the molecular formula, despite have a large number of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This is because the molecular formula has only a single atom of iron. As the empirical formula has to include only whole numbers, we cannot divide the numbers in the formula in any way without ending up with a fraction for the iron molecules. Thus, C10 H10 Fe is the most simplified ration of atoms in ferrocene.

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