Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ with its salts makes water hard which does not give lather with soap, so that it is difficult to use for cleaning.
Presence of calcium and magnesium salts in the form of hydrogencarbonate, chloride and sulphate in the water makes water hard and then it is called hard water. Hard water does not lather with soap.
Hard water is excessive in dissolved minerals, in large part calcium and magnesium. You may have felt the results of difficult water, actually, the last time you washed your arms. Depending at the hardness of your water, after using cleaning soap to scrub you may have felt like there was a film of residue left for your fingers. Difficult water is not a health threat but is a nuisance due to mineral buildup on plumbing furniture' and negative soap and or detergent performance.
The hardness of water is of two types:-
Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by following methods:-
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