In a cell when adenylyl cyclase is activated cAMP is destroyed.
What is adenylyl cyclase?
- Adenylate cyclase also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction:
ATP = 3′,5′-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
- It has key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
- It is the most polyphyletic known enzyme: six distinct classes have been described, all catalyzing the same reaction but representing unrelated gene families with no known sequence or structural homology.
- The best known class of adenylyl cyclase is class III . AC-III occurs widely in eukaryotes and has important roles in many human tissues.
- All classes of adenylyl cyclase catalyze the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate.
- Magnesium ions are generally required and appear to be closely involved in the enzymatic mechanism.
- The cAMP produced by AC then serves as a regulatory signal via specific cAMP-binding proteins, either transcription factors, enzymes (e.g., cAMP-dependent kinases), or ion transporters.
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