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Hydrogen gas is so abundant in the universe while it is so rare as a diatomic gas in the Earth's atmosphere because the gravitation field is too less to hold such a light element.
Occurrence of Hydrogen in the Universe
The element that occurs most abundantly in the universe is hydrogen. In the universe, hydrogen atoms constitute almost nine out of every ten atoms. After silicon and oxygen, it is the element with the 3rd largest abundance. The simplest element of all is hydrogen. Its atoms usually include a proton and an electron.
Occurrence of Hydrogen on Earth
Hydrogen atoms make up about 15% of all atoms found on Earth
The nine most common elements are found in the Earth's crust in about normal proportion: oxygen (46%), silicon (28%), aluminum (8.2%), iron (5.6%), calcium (4.2%), sodium (2.5%), magnesium (2.4%), potassium (2%) and titanium (0.61%).
The crust of the earth has 0.14% hydrogen and other elements at less than 0.15%.
Why is there a difference in the amount of occurrence of hydrogen in the Universe and Earth?
Hydrogen, along with other elements like helium, is the primary fuel used by the sun and other stars.
Hydrogen gas is not directly used for the existence of life, unlike oxygen and carbon dioxide. As a result, the atmosphere of the planet has very little need for free hydrogen, which is why it is only found in trace amounts.
Also, hydrogen easily forms covalent compounds with non-metallic elements and thus, the majority of the hydrogen on earth is found in molecules.
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