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By removing long-buried fossil fuels and burning them to produce electricity, human activities have drastically disrupted the natural carbon cycle and released CO2 into the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil, including gasoline, is responsible for 85% of all human-produced carbon dioxide emissions.

reductions in atmospheric oxygen concentration and the proportion of other carbon isotopes (14C and 13C) have been observed. Because the natural mechanisms that may restore the balance are too slow relative to the rates at which human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere, the extra CO2 from burning fossil fuels and deforestation has upset the equilibrium of the carbon cycle. As a result, a sizeable portion of the CO2 produced by human activity builds up in the atmosphere, where part of it will stay for thousands of years rather than just a few decades or centuries.

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