Pure oxygen gas is involved to convert iron into the steel by removing various kind of impurities.
Basic oxygen process (BOP) is a steelmaking method in which the pure oxygen is allow to blown down into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen that initiates as a series of intensively exothermic reactions, including oxidation of these impurities like carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
The advantages of using the pure oxygen instead of air in the process of refining pig iron into steel which were recognized as early as 1855 by Henry Bessemer, but this process could not be brought for the commercial fruition until the 20th century, when large amount of tonnages of cheap, high-purity oxygen is available to us. Commercial advantages of this process includes less labour, high production rates, and steel with a low nitrogen content.
A typical top-blown basic oxygen furnace is a kind of vertical cylindrical vessel having a closed bottom and having an open upper cone through which a water-cooled oxygen lance can be lowered and raised. The vessel is connected with a refractory like magnesite and is then mounted on trunnions so that it can be tilted for tapping liquid steel and also for charging.
Thus, we concluded that the pure oxygen gas is involved to convert iron into the steel by removing various kind of impurities.
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