Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an element. Atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
A radionuclide (also known as a radioactive nuclide, radioisotope, or radioactive isotope) is an unstable nuclide that has an excess of nuclear energy. The extra energy can be released from the nucleus in one of three ways: as gamma radiation; by being transferred to one of its electrons and then released as a conversion electron; or by being created and released from the nucleus as a new particle (alpha particle or beta particle). The radionuclide is considered to experience radioactive decay during such processes. Due to their high energy, these emissions qualify as ionizing radiation since they can cause an atom to lose an electron.
There are approximately 55 orders of magnitude in time between the half-lives of radioactive atoms, which have no known boundaries.
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