The dog covered 28 m of distance, magnitude of displacement is 4m and direction is in east.
Distance is a scalar quantity that describes how much ground an object covers while moving, and displacement is a vector quantity that describes how far an object has travelled. This is the global change in the object's position.
We know that total distance travelled = 12 m + 16 m = 28 m.
First the dog walks 12m west, but then walks back 16m east. That means you have to subtract the distances to get the displacement.
Displacement = 12 - 16 = -4m (4m to the east, because the distance can never be negative)
Full question here :
Q. A dog walks 12 meters to the east and then 16 meters back to the west. For this motion, what is the distance moved? What is the magnitude and direction of the displacement?
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