The Holocene is longer and lacks a sharp and early peak in greenhouse gas concentrations. The climate warms and the tundra retreats poleward alongside the ice sheets during interglacials like the current one. In places where tundra vegetation once thrived, forests have returned.
Paleontology can be used to identify interglacials that occurred on land or in shallow epicontinental seas. Particular interglacials are distinguished by the floral and animal remnants of species that attest to a temperate climate and a specific age. Species of mammals and mollusks, pollen, and plant macro-remains are frequently utilised . Insects, diatoms, and other fossilised relics, however, may also be useful.
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