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The racial disorders during world war ii were paralleled by a growth in civil disobedience as a means to achieve equality for blacks.

Civil disobedience, often known as passive resistance, is the act of refusing to follow orders from a government or occupying force without using force or other aggressive forms of resistance; its usual goal is to coerce concessions from the government or occupying force. The civil rights movement in America, nationalist movements in Africa and India, as well as international labor, anti-war, and other social movements, have all used civil disobedience as a primary strategy or guiding principle.

In contrast to an outright rejection of the legal system, civil disobedience is a symbolic or ceremonial breach of the law. A civil disobedient feels compelled by a higher, extralegal ideal to breach a particular law after discovering that all other valid routes for change have been closed off or rendered ineffective. However, as civil disobedience is regarded as a crime and is consequently penalized, such actions serve as a protest and are known to both actors and the public to be illegal.

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