Saprobes is the term used for bacteria and fungi in bioremediation.
Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms. They can occur everywhere- in soil, water, air and even in hot thermal springs. They show extensive diversity in metabolism. They possess various shapes, like spherical, coccus, vibrio or spirillum.
Fungi are cosmopolitan in the atmosphere. They mostly occur in moist habitats. The common bread mould is a fungus. Fungi possess long thread-like structures called hyphae, the network of which is called mycelium.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants in soil, groundwater, sludge, and solids. The microorganisms break down contaminants by using them as an energy source or metabolizing them with an energy source.
More specifically, bioremediation involves the production of energy in a redox reaction within microbial cells. These reactions include respiration and other biological functions needed for cell maintenance and reproduction.
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