The balance or lack of balance between accumulation and wastage is called a glacial budget.
Glaciers are thick masses of ice that are constantly moving under their own weight. Glaciers form where snow cover has outpaced erosion for years, sometimes centuries.
As it flows slowly and deforms under its own weight, it takes on features such as cracks and shellac.
As they move, they erode rocks and debris from their roots, forming features such as cirques, moraines, and fjords. Glaciers can flow into bodies of water, but they form only on land, unlike the much thinner sea and lake ice that forms on the surface of bodies of water.
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