The people that John Winthrop was speaking to in this sermon is the Puritan settlers.
The sermon was known to be the 'A Modell of Christian Charity' and the a sermon was one that was focused on how the Puritan settlers need to treat one another in order to help each other to survive.
Note that the message was made by him for the creating of a holy community that could serve as a model to Christians in all of the world.
Hence, The people that John Winthrop was speaking to in this sermon is the Puritan settlers.
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