Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called paracrine regulators.(option d)
Paracrine regulator
A hormone or substance produced by a tissue to control activity within that tissue is known as a paracrine regulator. Endocrine regulators leak chemicals straight into the bloodstream, gaining access to more tissues. Paracrine regulators don't do this.
What distinguishes a hormone from a paracrine regulator?
Endocrine signals employ the circulatory system to transfer ligands through the blood to distant cells, whereas paracrine signalling acts on nearby cells. This is the primary distinction between endocrine and paracrine signalling. Chemical signals are the typical method of cell communication.
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