How Antennas Work:
We can’t see electron but radio and television waves are just another form of light. They have a much longer wavelength than visible light but both are electromagnetic radiation.
To generate radio and TV waves we typically make electrons oscillate up and down on an antenna. This is done by applying a variable voltage or alternating current to the antenna.
Antennas are generally made of metals and metals act like containers filled with a liquid made of electrons. Metal atoms have one or more weakly held electrons in their outer shells which can “float” from atom to atom.
When a negatively charged electron moves it leaves behind what is generally referred to as a positively charged hole. The hole is simply an atom with more positive protons than negative electrons.
The electrical fields for the two types of charges are shown in Figures 1 and 2. These are ray diagrams. The arrows show the direction of the force that would be exerted on a unit of positive charge.
Unlike a vector diagram, the length of a ray does not indicate the magnitude of the force. Instead, the space between rays indicates magnitude. Both diagrams in Figures 1 and 2 show that the magnitude of the field decreases with increasing distance from the charge because the space between the rays increases.
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