Inmates' rights cases involving the 8th amendment cover areas as diverse as medical care, prison conditions, physical insecurity, psychological stress, and capital punishment.
In 1791, the Eighth Amendment was incorporated into the Bill of Rights. The change serves as a nearly perfect duplicate of a clause from the 1689 English Bill of Rights.
The trial of Titus Oates in England for several acts of perjury served as the impetus for the Eighth Amendment since it resulted in the execution of numerous people who Oates had falsely accused of serious crimes. Oates was then subjected to a series of common sanctions that were collectively meted out in a harsh and unreasonable way.
In England, the prohibition on harsh and unusual penalties had the effect of limiting judges' latitude and requiring the ruling body to follow precedents.
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