Biological molecules and their functions are given below:
Simple Carbohydrates:
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: glucose, fructose
- Function(s): energy molecules.
- Examples in the human body : glucose, fructose
Complex Carbohydrates
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear chains
- Monomer: glucose
- Function(s): provides energy, structural molecules
- Examples in the human body: glycogen
Lipids (Fats)
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
- Function(s): energy storage, structural molecules
- Examples in the human body: phospholipids, linoleic acid
Proteins
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: amino acids
- Function(s): catalysts, messenger molecules, body building
- Examples in the human body: albumin, hemoglobin
Nucleic Acids
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
- Function(s): stores genetic information
- Examples in the human body: DNA, RNA
ATP
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: three-dimensional molecule
- Monomer: ATP
- Function(s): provides energy
- Examples in the human body: ATP in muscles
Water
- Elemental Make Up: Hydrogen and oxygen
- Basic Structure: pyramidal
- Monomer: water
- Function(s): provides the medium for metabolic reactions
- Examples in the human body: in blood plasma
What are biological molecules?
Biological molecules or biomolecules refers to the molecules which are found in living organisms and which play important structural and metabolic functions in the body.
Biological molecules are those molecules which life depend on, and they include:
- Simple Carbohydrates
- Complex Carbohydrates
- Lipids (Fats)
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- ATP
- Water
The, Elemental Make Up, Basic Structure, Monomer, Function(s), and Examples in the human body of the Biological molecules are given below:
Simple Carbohydrates:
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: glucose, fructose
- Function(s): energy molecules.
- Examples in the human body : glucose, fructose
Complex Carbohydrates
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear chains
- Monomer: glucose
- Function(s): provides energy, structural molecules
- Examples in the human body: glycogen
Lipids (Fats)
- Elemental Make Up: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
- Function(s): energy storage, structural molecules
- Examples in the human body: phospholipids, linoleic acid
Proteins
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: amino acids
- Function(s): catalysts, messenger molecules, body building
- Examples in the human body: albumin, hemoglobin
Nucleic Acids
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: linear
- Monomer: guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
- Function(s): stores genetic information
- Examples in the human body: DNA, RNA
ATP
- Elemental Make Up: nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
- Basic Structure: three-dimensional molecule
- Monomer: ATP
- Function(s): provides energy
- Examples in the human body: ATP in muscles
Water
- Elemental Make Up: Hydrogen and oxygen
- Basic Structure: pyramidal
- Monomer: water
- Function(s): provides the medium for metabolic reactions
- Examples in the human body: in blood plasma
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