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Sam was angry with Dan for leaving him out since he believed he had been left out on purpose. A hostile attributional bias is demonstrated here.
The propensity to assume that others' activities have hostile intent, even when they are unclear or friendly, is known as hostile attribution bias or hostile attribution of intent. A person with high levels of hostile attribution bias can, for instance, observe two people laughing and demonstrated instantly perceive this action as two people laughing at them, even though the behavior was unclear and could have even been benign.
Nasby, Hayden, and DePaulo, along with a number of other important pioneers in this field of study, first established the phrase "hostile attribution bias" in 1980. They did so after seeing that a subgroup of kids is more likely than others to attribute hostile intent to ambiguous social situations. Since then, hostile attribution bias has been viewed as a social information processing bias that affects how people perceive, understand, and decide how to react to demonstrated certain circumstances. While sporadic hostile attribution bias is common (especially in younger children), research has shown that persistently high levels of hostile attribution bias across development are associated with a significantly higher likelihood of acting aggressively.
Learn more about hostile attribution bias here
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