African communities / kingdom were sophisticated before the arrival of the Europeans in the 15th century, and they benefited from regional and international trade that supported strong economies.
Similar to how other civilizations first emerged, African kingdoms made the most of their natural resources to promote trade and industry. This led to centralised administration, social stratification, job specialisation, and the development of renowned cities and architectural marvels. These communities also had well-developed educational systems, structured religion, and vibrant artistic and cultural expression. The following are some examples of strong empires that are discussed in this unit: Around 1300–1450 CE, Great Zimbabwe: The metropolis of Great Zimbabwe, affluent from the commerce in gold and ivory, housed up to 18,000 people, including 2,000 goldsmiths, stonemasons, and other skilled artisans. Among the 300 buildings that archaeologists discovered there
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