The harmful effects of alcohol on a developing fetus as illustrated by a baby born with FAS reinforces the notion that alcohol is a teratogen.
A teratogen is something that, when exposed to a growing embryo or fetus, can result in birth defects or other abnormalities. Teratogens include some pharmaceuticals, illicit substances, cigarettes, chemicals, alcohol, certain illnesses, recreational drugs, and in rare situations, medical conditions including uncontrolled diabetes in pregnant women. Ingestion or environmental exposure to a teratogen can happen during pregnancy.
Ten to fourteen days after conception, teratogens might start to damage the growing embryo. There are times when the developing organ systems exhibit greater sensitivity to teratogens during embryonic development. Specifically, neural tube defects such spina bifida or anencephaly may develop if exposure to a teratogen takes place within the first 3.5 to 4.5 weeks of pregnancy.
The phrase "non-teratogenic agents" refers to substances that have been shown to not result in birth abnormalities. Spermicides, acetaminophen, and prenatal vitamins are a few examples of non-teratogenic substances that are frequently mistaken for teratogens.
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