In the 1940s, first-generation computers used vacuum tube technology
First-generation computers :
A vacuum-tube computer, also known as a first-generation computer, is one that employs vacuum tubes for logic circuitry. Despite being surpassed by second-generation transistorised computers, vacuum-tube computers were still manufactured into the 1960s.
Eccles and Jordan described the use of cross-coupled vacuum-tube amplifiers to generate a train of pulses in 1918. This circuit served as the foundation for the flip-flop, a two-state circuit that became a fundamental component of electronic binary digital computers. The Atanasoff-Berry computer, of which a prototype was first demonstrated in 1939, is now regarded as the first vacuum-tube computer. It was, however, not a general-purpose computer, as it could only solve a system of linear equations, and it was also not very reliable.
Special-purpose vacuum-tube digital computers, such as Colossus, were used to break German and Japanese cyphers during WWII. These systems' military intelligence was critical to the Allied war effort. Between 1,600 and 2,400 vacuum tubes were used in each Colossus. The machine's existence was kept hidden, and the public was unaware of its application until the 1970s.
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